Chess
Chess is an abstract strategy board game for two players which involves no hidden information and no elements of chance. It is played on a square game board called a chessboard containing 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid.
King
The king is the most important piece in chess because it is the piece the opponent wants to checkmate. Checkmating is when the opponent threatens the opponent's king with at least one piece, in such a way that the opponent has no solution to prevent this threat. In this case, the threatened king has no square to escape from, no piece that is not under threat, no piece that can be screened between the pieces that checkmate it (i.e. act as a wall and can be a barrier in front of the person), nor the opportunity to capture the piece that checkmates it. Thus, the checkmate is achieved and the game ends.The king can move only one square forward-backward, left-right, and diagonally.
Queen
The queen is the most powerful piece in chess. It can move to any vacant square in any direction (diagonally, horizontally or vertically), regardless of whether it is forward or backward, as long as it does not jump over other pieces.
Castle
Each player has two rooks, one on each side of the board. A rook can move in any direction in the rows and columns, but it is not allowed to jump over other pieces.
Elephant
Bishops can move as much as they want on the diagonals of the same color they stand on. They are not allowed to jump over other chess pieces.
Horse
The horse moves in a symbolic "L" shape, with two straight lines one side or one straight line two sides. The most striking feature of the horse is its ability to jump over stones.
Pawn
In the starting position, a pawn can move one or two squares. The right to advance two squares is only granted to pawns that have not moved at all.
If a pawn is not in the starting position (2nd to 7th row), it can only advance one square in the column it is on (unless it captures an enemy piece) with each move. It cannot move backwards.
A pawn can capture an enemy piece diagonally. Thus, it is the only piece that is different from the move it makes when capturing a piece with its normal move.
A pawn can only advance when it moves. Thus, it is the only chess piece that cannot return to the area it was on before.
A pawn can capture an enemy piece en passant.
A pawn must be transformed into a queen, rook, bishop or knight of its own color when it reaches the lowest row of the opponent's side (8th row for a white pawn, 1st row for a black pawn) as part of this half-move.
Special Rules
1#
En passant (French for "En passant"), a pawn can take an opposing pawn that has moved 2 squares from its original position over a threatened square, as if it had moved a single square. However, it must use this right immediately when it is its turn to move, otherwise it loses the right to en passant capture in subsequent moves.[1] This is called en passant. It was adopted as a rule in the 15th century.
2#
Castling is a special move. Because castling is the only move type in which two pieces, namely the king and the rook, are allowed to move in one move. In order to castl, both pieces must not have moved before. The king moves two squares towards the rook on the side where he will castl, and that rook passes over the king and takes its place on the square (next to the king) that the king passed over.
In the opening, it is generally appropriate to move the king to a safer position by castling as soon as possible. The pawns in the castling position should not have moved as much as possible. It is also important to keep the king in a safe position in the middle of the game. The king's influence can be great in the last phase of the game. In this phase, the king has an active role that will determine the fate of the game. In addition, it is often necessary to keep the king somewhere in the middle of the chessboard. Especially at the end of a pawn game, the king's position is decisive. The king reaching the enemy's last line (1st row for white, 8th row for black) turns the game in his favor.
In chess, the positions and moves of the pieces are usually shown with algebra. On the chessboard, the vertical columns (from bottom to top) are represented by a letter (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) and the horizontal columns (from left to right) are represented by a number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).
F : Bishop
A : Knight
K : Rook
V : Queen
S : King
Moves
0-0 : Short castling
0-0-0 : Long castling
× : Capture
+ : King
# or ++[6] : Mate
= : Draw Offer
e.p. : Capture in passing.
Comments
! : Strong move
!! : Very strong move
? : Wrong move
?? : Big mistake
?! : Questionable move
!? : Interesting move
□ : Compulsory move
World Chess Champions
Wilhelm Steinitz 1886 1894
Emanuel Lasker 1894 1921
José Raùl Capablanca 1921 1927
Aleksandr Alekhine 1927 1935
Max Euwe 1935 1937
Aleksandr Alekhine 1937 1946
Mikhail Botvinnik 1948 1957
Vassily Smyslov 1957 1958
Mikhail Botvinnik 1958 1960
Mikhail Tal 1960 1961
Mikhail Botvinnik 1961 1963
Tigran Petrosyan 1963 1969
Boris Spassky 1969 1972
Robert Fisher 1972 1975
Anatoly Karpov 1975 1985
Garry Kasparov 1985 2000
Alexander Halifman 1999 2000
Viswanathan Anand 2000 2002
Ruslan Ponomaryov 2002 2004
Rustem Kasımcanov 2004 2005
Veselin Topalov 2005 2006
Vladimir Kramnik 2006 2007
Viswanathan Anand 2007 2013
Magnus Carlsen 2013 2023
Ding Liren 2023 2024
Gukesh D 2024 present
Good Games
My Good Games
file:///C:/Users/Abdullah%20Akif%20%C5%9EANLI/Desktop/Chess%20(2).MP4
