chess pieces
Each player begins with sixteen pieces (but see the subsection below for other usage of the term piece). The pieces that belong to each player are distinguished by color: the lighter colored pieces are referred to as "white" and the player that controls them as "White", whereas the darker colored pieces are referred to as "black" and the player that controls them as "Black".
In a standard game, each of the two players begins with the following sixteen pieces:
1 king
1 queen
2 rooks
2 bishops
2 knights
8 pawns
Definitions
[edit]
The word "piece" has three meanings, depending on the context.[1]
It may mean any of the physical pieces of the set, including the pawns. When used this way, "piece" is synonymous with "chessman" or simply "man".[2][3] Chess sets have been made in a variety of styles, sometimes for decorative or artistic purposes rather than practical play, but the Staunton pattern is standard for competition.
In play, the term is usually used to exclude pawns, referring only to a queen, rook, bishop, knight, or king. In this context, the pieces can be broken down into three groups: major pieces (queen and rooks), minor pieces (bishops and knights), and the king.[4]
In phrases such as "winning a piece", "losing a piece" or "sacrificing a piece" and other related contexts, it refers only to minor pieces (bishops or knights). By convention, the queen, rooks, and pawns are specified by name in these cases – for example, "winning a queen", "losing a rook", or "sacrificing a pawn".[5]
Moves
[edit]
Main article: Rules of chess
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Chess starting position. Squares are referenced using algebraic notation.
The rules of chess prescribe the moves each type of chess piece can make. During play, the players take turns moving their own chess pieces.
The rook may move any number of squares vertically or horizontally without jumping. It also takes part, along with the king, in castling.
The bishop may move any number of squares diagonally without jumping. Consequently, a bishop stays on squares of the same color throughout the game.
The queen may move any number of squares vertically, horizontally, or diagonally without jumping.
The king may move to any adjoining square. No move may be made such that the king is placed or left in check. The king may participate in castling, which is a move consisting of the king moving two squares toward a same-colored rook on the same rank and the rook moving to the square crossed by the king. Castling may only be performed if the king and rook involved are unmoved, if the king is not in check, if the king would not travel through or into check, and if there are no pieces between the rook and the king.
The knight moves from one corner of any two-by-three rectangle to the opposite corner. Consequently, the knight alternates its square color each time it moves. It is not obstructed by other pieces.
The pawn may move forward one square, and one or two squares when on its starting square, toward the opponent's side of the board. When there is an enemy piece one square diagonally ahead of a pawn, then the pawn may capture that piece. A pawn can perform a special type of capture of an enemy pawn called en passant ("in passing"), wherein it captures a horizontally adjacent enemy pawn that has just advanced two squares as if that pawn had only advanced one square. If the pawn reaches a square on the back rank of the opponent, it promotes to the player's choice of a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color.[6]
Pieces other than pawns capture in the same way that they move. A capturing piece replaces the opponent piece on its square, except for an en passant capture by a pawn. Captured pieces are immediately removed from the game. A square may hold only one piece at any given time. Except for castling and the knight's move, no piece may jump over another piece.[7]
Relative value
[edit]
Main article: Chess piece relative value
The value assigned to a piece attempts to represent the potential strength of the piece in the game. As the game develops, the relative values of the pieces will also change. For example, in an open game, bishops are relatively more valuable; they can be positioned to control long, open diagonal spaces. In a closed game with lines of protected pawns blocking bishops, knights usually become relatively more potent. Similar ideas apply to placing rooks on open files and knights on active, central squares. The standard valuation is one point for a pawn, three points for a knight or bishop, five points for a rook, and nine points for a queen.[8] These values are reliable in endgames, particularly with a limited number of pieces. But these values can change depending on the position or the phase of the game (opening, middle game, or ending). A bishop pair for example, is worth an additional half-pawn on average.[9] In specific circumstances, the values may be quite different: sometimes a knight can be more valuable than a queen if a particular angle is required for a mating attack, such as certain smothered mates. The humble pawn becomes more and more valuable the closer it is to securing a queen promotion for another example.
History
[edit]
See also: History of chess
Chess evolved over time from its earliest versions in India and Persia to variants that spread both West and East. Pieces changed names and rules as well; the most notable changes was the Vizir (or Firz) becoming the Queen, and the Elephant becoming the Bishop in European versions of chess. The movement patterns for Queens and Bishops also changed, with the earliest rules restricting elephants to just two squares along a diagonal, but allowing them to "jump" (seen in the fairy chess piece the alfil); and the earliest versions of queens could only move a single square diagonally (the fairy chess piece Ferz). The modern bishop's movement was popularized in the 14th and 15th centuries, and the modern queen was popularized in the 15th and 16th centuries, with versions with the more powerful modern queen eclipsing older variants.
Sample Medieval chess pieces
A pawn of quartz from 10th–11th century (Fatimid Egypt?). Islamic chess sets favored abstract designs.
A knight made around 1250 in London, England. The knight is battling a dragon.
An elephant from the 11th–12th century Islamic Western Mediterranean (possibly Nasrid Granada?). It bears similarities to a Bishop's miter, perhaps explaining the eventual terminology shift.
A 12th century warder (modern rook) made of whale ivory of Scandinavian origin, similar to the famous Lewis chessmen.
A 13th century Queen astride a horse with attendants, of Scandinavian origin. The Queen replaced the Persian Vizier in European chess.
An 8th–10th century King (Shah) carved of jet. In the Islamic style, it is an abstract representation, decorated with dot-and-circle devices.
Names
[edit]
Look up Appendix:Chess pieces in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The characters implied by pieces' names vary between languages. For example, in many languages, the piece known in English as the "knight" frequently translates as "horse", and the English "bishop" frequently translates as "elephant" in language areas that adapted the modern bishop's movement pattern, but not its new name.[10]
Overview of chess piece names
Language
King
Queen
Rook
Bishop
Knight
Pawn
Chess
Check
Checkmate/Mate
figure
♔ ♚
♕ ♛
♖ ♜
♗ ♝
♘ ♞
♙ ♟
n/a
+ or †
# or ++ or ‡
Afrikaans
K Koning
king
D Dame
lady
T Toring
tower
L Loper
runner
R Ruiter
rider
(P) Pion
Skaak
Skaak
Skaakmat
Albanian
M Mbreti
king
D Dama / Mbretëresha
lady / queen
T Torra
tower
F Fili / Oficeri
elephant / officer
K Kali
horse
(U) Ushtari
soldier
Shahu
Shah
Shah mat
Arabic
م مَلِك (malik)
king
و وزير (wazïr)
vizier
ر رخ / طابية (rukhkh / ṭābiya)
fortress / castle
ف فيل (fīl)
elephant
ح حصان (ħiṣān)
horse
ب بيدق / عسكري (baidaq / `askarī)
pawn / soldier
شطرنج (shaṭranj)
كِش مَلِك (kish malik)
كِش مات (kish māt)
Azerbaijani
Ş Şah
shah
V Vəzir
vizier
T Top
cannon
F Fil
elephant
A At
horse
P Piyada
foot soldier
Şahmat
şah
shah
mat
mat
Armenian
Ա Արքա (Ark῾a)
king
Թ Թագուհի (T῾agowhi)
queen
Ն Նավակ (Navak)
ship
Փ Փիղ (P῾ił)
elephant
Ձ Ձի (Dzi)
horse
Զ Զինվոր (Zinvor)
soldier
Շախմատ (Šaxmat)
Ճատրակ (Čatrak)
Շախ (Šax)
Մատ (Mat)
Basque
E Erregea
king
D Dama
lady
G Gaztelua
castle
A Alfila
Z Zalduna
knight
(P) Peoia
pawn
Xake
Xake
Xake mate
Belarusian (Taraškievica)
К кароль
king
Вз візыр
vizier
Лд ладзьдзя
boat
А афіцэр
officer
В вершнік
rider
(Л) латнік
pawn
Шахматы
Шах
Мат
Bengali
R রাজা (rājā)
King
M মন্ত্রী (montri)
Minister
N নৌকা (noukā)
Boat
H গজ / হাতি (gôj / hāti)
Elephant
G ঘোড়া (ghoṛā)
Horse
B বোড়ে / সৈন্য (boṛe / śoinno)
Walker / Troop
দাবা (dābā)
কিস্তি (kisti)
Check
কিস্তিমাত (kistimāt)
Checkmate
Bulgarian
Ц цар
tsar
Д дама / царица
lady / tsaritsa
Т топ
cannon
О офицер
officer
К кон
horse
(П) пешка
foot soldier
Шахмат / Шах
Шах
(Шах и) мат
Catalan
R rei
D dama / reina
lady / queen
T torre
tower
A alfil
C cavall
horse
(P) peó
Escacs
Escac / Xec
Escac i mat
Chinese
K 王 (wáng)
king
Q 后 (hòu)
queen
R 車 (jū)
chariot
B 象 (xiàng)
elephant
N 馬 (mǎ)
horse
(P) 兵 (bīng)
soldier
國際象棋 (guójì xiàngqí)
international chess
將軍 (jiāngjūn)
將死 (jiāng sǐ)
Czech
K král
king
D dáma
lady
V věž
tower
S střelec
shooter
J jezdec
rider
(P) pěšec
foot soldier
Šachy
Šach
Mat
Danish
K konge
king
D dronning
queen
T tårn
tower
L løber
runner
S springer
jumper
(B) bonde
peasant
Skak
Skak
Skakmat
Dutch
K koning
king
D dame / koningin
lady / queen
T toren / kasteel
tower / castle
L loper / raadsheer
runner / counsellor
P paard
horse
(pi) pion
Schaken
Schaak
Mat / Schaakmat
English
K king
Q queen
R rook, castle
B bishop
N knight
(P) pawn
Chess
Check
Checkmate / Mate
Esperanto
R reĝo
king
D damo
lady
T turo
tower
K kuriero
courier
Ĉ ĉevalo
horse
(P) peono
Ŝako
Ŝak
Ŝakmato
Estonian[11]
K kuningas
king
L lipp
flag
V vanker
chariot / carriage
O oda
spear
R ratsu
riding horse
(E) ettur
forwarder
Male
after malev
Tuli / Šahh
fire
Matt
Finnish
K kuningas
king
D daami / kuningatar
lady / queen
T torni
tower
L lähetti
messenger
R ratsu
ride
(S) sotilas
soldier
Shakki
Shakki
Matti / Shakkimatti
French
R roi
king
D dame
lady
T tour
tower
F fou
jester
C cavalier
rider
(P) pion
Échecs
Échec
Échec et mat
Galician
R rei
king
D dama / raíña
lady / queen
T torre
tower
B bispo
bishop
C cabalo
horse
(P) peón
foot soldier
Xadrez
Xaque
Xaque mate
Georgian
მფ მეფე (mep'e)
king
ლ ლაზიერი (lazieri)
queen
ე ეტლი (etli)
chariot
კ კუ (ku)
tortoise
მ მხედარი (mkhedari)
rider
პ პაიკი (paiki)
pawn
ჭადრაკი (Čadraki)
ქიში (K'ishi)
შამათი (Shamat'i)
German[12]
K König
king
D Dame
lady / queen
T Turm
tower
L Läufer
runner
S Springer
jumper
(B) Bauer
peasant / farmer
Schach
Schach
Matt / Schachmatt
Greek
Ρ βασιλιάς (vasiliás)
king
Β βασίλισσα (vasílissa)
queen
Π πύργος (pýrgos)
tower
Α αξιωματικός (axiomatikós)
officer
Ι ίππος (íppos)
horse
(Σ) πιόνι (pióni)
pawn
Σκάκι (Skáki)
Σαχ (Sach) / Ρουά (Rouá)
Mατ (Mat)
Hindi
R राजा (rājā)
king
V वज़ीर / रानी (vazīr / rānī)
vizier / queen
H हाथी (hāthī)
elephant
O ऊँट (ūṁṭ)
camel
G घोड़ा (ghoṛā)
horse
(P) प्यादा (pyādā)
infantryman
शतरंज (śatrañj)
शह (Shah)
शहमात (Shahmāt)
Hebrew
מ מלך (Melech)
king
מה מלכה (Malka)
queen
צ צריח (Tzariach)
tower
ר רץ (Ratz)
runner
פ פרש (Parash)
horseman
רגלי (Regli)
foot soldier
שחמט (Shakhmat)
שח (Shakh)
מט (Mat)
Hausa
S sarki
king
Q sarauniya
queen
R sansanin
fortress
G giwa
elephant
J jarumi
mounted warrior
(P) soja
soldier
ces
ceki
ceki mat
Hungarian
K király
king
V vezér / királynő
leader / queen
B bástya
bastion
F futó
runner
H huszár / ló
hussar / horse
(Gy) gyalog / paraszt
footman / peasant
Sakk
Sakk
Matt / Sakk-matt
Icelandic
K kóngur
king
D drottning
queen
H hrókur
rook
B biskup
bishop
R riddari
knight
(P) peð
pawn
Skák
Skák
Skák og mát
Ido
R rejo
king
D damo
lady
T turmo
tower
E episkopo
bishop
K kavalo
horse
(P) piono
Shakoludo
Shako
Shakmato
Indonesian
R raja
king
M menteri
minister / vizier
B benteng
castle / fortress
G gajah
elephant
K kuda
horse
(P) pion
Catur
Sekak / Ster
Sekakmat
Interslavic
K kralj
king
C carica / dama
empress / lady
Z zamok / věža
castle / tower
L lovec
hunter
J jezdec / konj
rider / horse
(P) pěšak
infantryman
Šahy
Šah
Mat
Irish
R rí
king
B banríon
queen
C caiseal
bulwark
E easpag
bishop
D ridire
knight
(F) fichillín / ceithearnach
little chess piece / kern
Ficheall
Sáinn
Marbhsháinn
Italian
R re
king
D donna / regina
lady / queen
T torre
tower
A alfiere
standard-bearer
C cavallo
horse
(P) pedone
foot soldier
Scacchi
Scacco
Scacco matto
Japanese
K キング (kingu)
Q クイーン (kuīn)
R ルーク (rūku)
B ビショップ (bishoppu)
N ナイト (naito)
(P) ポーン (pōn)
チェス (chesu)
王手 (ōte) /
チェック (chekku)
詰み (tsumi) /
チェックメイト (chekkumeito)
Javanese
R raja
king
Q ratu / perdhana mentri
queen / prime minister
B bèntèng
fortress
M mentri
minister
K jaran
horse
(P) pion
sekak
Kannada
ರಾ ರಾಜ (raaja)
king
ಮ ಮಂತ್ರಿ (mantri)
minister
ಆ ಆನೆ (aane)
elephant
ರ ರಥ (ratha)
chariot
ಕು ಕುದುರೆ (kudure)
horse
ಪಾ ಪದಾತಿ (padaati)
foot soldier
ಚದುರಂಗ (caduraṅga)
Kazakh
Кр патша (patşa)
king
У уәзір (uäzır)
vizier
Т тура (tura)
tower
П піл (pıl)
elephant
А ат (at)
horse
(П) пешка (peşka) / (С) сарбаз (sarbaz)
foot soldier / warrior
шахмат (şahmat)
шах (şah)
мат (mat)
Korean
K 킹 (king)
Q 퀸 (kwin)
R 룩 (rug)
B 비숍 (bi syob)
N 나이트 (na i teu)
(P) 폰 (pon)
체스 (che seu)
체크 (che keu)
체크메이트 (che keu me i teu)
Latin
R rex
king
M regina
queen
T turris / elephas
tower / elephant[13]
A signifer / cursor / stultus / alphinus
standard-bearer / messenger / fool[13]
E eques
knight
(P) pedes / pedo
foot soldier
Scacci
Scaccus
Mattus
Latvian
K karalis
king
D dāma
lady
T tornis
tower
L laidnis
Z zirgs
horse
(B) bandinieks
peasant
Šahs
Šahs
Šahs un mats
Lithuanian
K karalius
king
V valdovė
queen
B bokštas
tower
R rikis
Lithuanian military commander
Ž žirgas
horse
(P) pėstininkas
pawn
Šachmatai
Šach
Matas
Lojban
Na noltrunau
king
Ni noltruni'u
queen
S slanydi'u
castle
X xanto
elephant
Xi xirma
horse
(S) sonci
soldier
caxmati
gunta
attack
lo nolraitru cu morsi
the king is dead
Luxembourgish
K Kinnek
king
D Damm
lady
T Tuerm
tower
L Leefer
runner
P Päerd
horse
(B) Bauer
farmer
Schach
Schach
Schachmatt
Macedonian
K крал
king
D кралица / дама
queen / lady
T топ
cannon
L ловец
hunter
S коњ / скокач
horse / jumper
P пешак / пион
infantryman / pawn
шах
шах
мат
Malayalam
K രാജാവ് (raajavu)
king
Q മന്ത്രി (manthri)
minister
R തേര് (therú)
chariot
B ആന (aana)
elephant
N/Kt കുതിര (kuthira)
horse
(P) കാലാള് / പടയാളി
(kaalal / padayaali)
foot soldier
ചതുരംഗം (chathurangam)
ചെക്ക്
ചെക്ക് മേറ്റ്
Marathi
R राजा (rājā)
king
V वजीर (vajīr)
vizier
H हत्ती (hātti)
elephant
O उंट (Unṭ)
camel
G घोडा (ghoḍā)
horse
(P) प्यादे (pyāde)
foot soldier
बुद्धिबळ (buddhibal)
शह (shah)
शहमात (shahmāt)
Mongolian
Н ноён
noyan
Б бэрс (fers)
vizier
т тэрэг (tereg)
chariot
Т тэмээ (temee)
camel
М морь (mor)
horse
(Х) хүү (hüü)
boy
Шатар
шаг / дуг / цод
мад
Norwegian Bokmål
K konge
king
D dronning
queen
T tårn
tower
L løper
runner
S springer
jumper
(B) bonde
peasant
Sjakk
Sjakk
Sjakkmatt
Norwegian Nynorsk
K konge
king
D dronning
queen
T tårn
tower
L løpar
runner
S springar
jumper
(B) bonde
peasant
Sjakk
Sjakk
Sjakkmatt
Odia
K ରଜା (rôja)
king
Q ରାଣୀ (raṇi)
queen
R ଡଙ୍ଗା (ḍôṅga)
boat
B ହାତୀ (hati)
elephant
N ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛa)
horse
P ସୈନିକ (sôinikô)
soldier
ଚେସ୍/ଶତରଞ୍ଜ (chess/śôtôrôñjô)
ଚେକ୍ (check)
ଚେକମେଟ୍ (checkmate)
Oromo
M Mootii
Mt Mootittii
G Gidaara, masaraa
A abuunii
N namkabajaa
Cheezii
Mirkaneeffannaa
Waayila / Mate
Persian
ش شاه
king
و وزیر
vizier / minister
ق/ر قلعه/رخ
castle
ف فیل
elephant
ا اسب
horse
س/پ سرباز/پیاده
soldier
شطرنج (shatranj)
کیش (kish)
مات (mat)
Polish
K król
king
H hetman / królowa
general (hist.) / queen
W wieża
tower
G goniec / laufer
courier / (ger. derived)
S skoczek / koń
jumper / horse
(P) pion / pionek
pawn
Szachy
szach
mat / szach-mat
Portuguese
R rei
king
D dama / rainha
lady / queen
T torre
tower
B bispo
bishop
C cavalo
horse
(P) peão
foot soldier
Xadrez
Xeque
Xeque-mate
Romanian
R rege
king
D damă / regină
lady / queen
T turn / tură
tower
N nebun
fool
C cal
horse
(P) pion
Șah
Șah
Mat / Șah mat
Russian
Кр король (korol')
king
Ф ферзь / королева (ferz' / koroleva)
vizier / queen
Л ладья (ladya)
boat
С слон (slon)
elephant
К конь (kon')
horse
(П) пешка (peshka)
шахматы (shakhmaty)
шах (shakh)
мат (mat)
Scottish Gaelic
R righ
king
B bànrigh
queen
T tùr
tower
E easbaig
bishop
D ridir
knight
(P) pàn
pawn
feòirne
casg
tul-chasg
Serbo-Croatian
K kralj (К краљ)
king
D kraljica / dama (Д краљицa / дама)
queen / lady
T top / kula (Т топ / кула)
cannon / tower
L lovac / strijelac / laufer (Л ловац / стрелац / лауфер)
hunter / archer / runner
S skakač / konj (С скaкaч / коњ)
jumper / horse
(P) pješak / pion / pijun ((П) пешак / пион / пијун)
footman / pawn
Šah (Шах)
Šah (Шах)
Mat (Мат)
Northern Sotho
К Kgoši
Kg Kgošigadi
N Ntlosebô / Moshate
Mp Mopišopo
M Mogale
S Seitšhireletšo
Tšhêšê
Check
Checkmate
Sicilian
R re
king
D riggina
queen
T turru
tower
A alferu
S scecc[h]u
donkey
(P) pidinu
foot soldier
Scacchi
Slovak
K kráľ
king
D dáma
lady
V veža
tower
S strelec
shooter
J jazdec
rider
(P) pešiak
infantryman / pawn
Šach
Šach
Mat / Šachmat
Slovene
K kralj
king
D dama
lady
T trdnjava
castle
L lovec
hunter
S skakač
jumper
(P) kmet
farmer
Šah
Šah
Mat / Šahmat
Spanish
R rey
king
D dama / reina
lady / queen
T torre
tower
A alfil
C caballo
horse
(P) peón
foot soldier
Ajedrez
Jaque
Jaque mate
Swedish
K kung
king
D dam / drottning
lady / queen
T torn
tower
L löpare
runner
H springare / riddare
horse/knight
(B) bonde
peasant
Schack
Schack
Schack matt
Tamil
K அரசன் (arasaṉ)
king
Q அரசி (araci)
queen
R கோட்டை (kōṭṭai)
castle
B அமைச்சர் / மந்திரி (amaicchar / manthiri)
minister
N/Kt குதிரை (kutirai)
horse
(P) காலாள் / சிப்பாய் (kālāḷ / cippāy)
foot soldier / sepoy
சதுரங்கம் (sathurankam)
முற்றுகை (muṟṟukai)
இறுதி முற்றுகை (iṟuti muṟṟukai)
Telugu
రాజు (rāju)
king
మంత్రి (maṃtri)
minister
ఏనుగు (ēnugu)
elephant
శకటు (śakaţu)
గుర్రం (gurraṃ)
horse
బంటు (baṃţu)
soldier
చదరంగం (cadaraṃgaṃ)
దాడి (dāḍi)
కట్టు (kaţţu)
Thai
ข ขุน (khun)
king
ต เม็ด / ตรี / มนตรี (met / tri / montri)
counselor
ร เรือ (ruea)
ship
ค โคน (khon)
ม ม้า (ma)
horse
(บ) เบี้ย (bia)
menial
หมากรุก (makruk)
รุก (ruk)
จน (chon)
Turkish
Ş/K şah / kral
shah / king
V vezir
vizier
K kale
castle
F fil
elephant
A at
horse
(P) er / piyon
soldier / pawn
Satranç
Şah
Mat
Ukrainian
Kр король (korol)
king
Ф ферзь (ferz)
vizier
T тура (tura)
tower
C слон (slon)
elephant
K кінь (kin)
horse
(П) пішак / пішка (pishak / pishka)
foot soldier
Шахи (shakhi)
Шах (shakh)
Мат (mat)
Urdu
بادشاہ (bādshāh)
وزیر (vazīr)
رخ (rukh)
فيلہ (fiyalah)
گھوڑا (ghōṛā)
پیادہ (pyādah)
شطرنج (šaṭranj)
شہ (sheh)
شہمات (shehmāt)
Vietnamese
V vua
king
H hậu
queen
X xe
chariot
T tượng / tịnh / voi
elephant
M mã / ngựa
horse
tốt / chốt / binh
soldier
Cờ vua
Chiếu / Chiếu tướng
Chiếu bí / Chiếu hết / Sát cục / Tuyệt sát
Welsh
T teyrn / brenin
lord / king
B brenhines
queen
C castell
castle
E esgob
bishop
M marchog
rider
(G) gwerinwr
peasant
Gwyddbwyll
Siach
Siachmat
Variants
[edit]
Main article: Fairy chess piece
A 1616 illustration of the Mann, a chess piece unique to the Courier Chess variant; the Mann moves like a King, but threatening it does not give check, and it can be captured without loss of the game.
Chess variants sometimes include new, non-standard, or even old pieces. For example, Courier Chess, a predecessor of modern chess dating from the 12th century, was played on an 8×12 board and used all six modern chess piece types, plus three additional types of pieces: Courier, Mann (or rath or sage), and Jester. Variants of "old" chess might use the old rules for bishops/elephants with the alfil piece, or old rules for Queens with the ferz. Many modern variants with unorthodox pieces exist, such as Berolina chess which uses custom pawns that advance diagonally and capture vertically.
See also
[edit]
Chess portal
Chess set
Chessboard
Chess piece relative value
Chess symbols in Unicode
Fairy chess piece – a piece used only in chess variants
History of chess
Lewis chessmen
Outline of chess
Rules of chess
Staunton chess set
Notes
[edit]
^ (Burgess 2009:523)(Hooper & Whyld 1992:307)
^ (Hooper & Whyld 1992:307)
^ (Hooper & Whyld 1992:200)
^ (Brace 1977:220)
^ (Just & Burg 2003:5)
^ (Just & Burg 2003:13–16)
^ (Just & Burg 2003:13–16)
^ (Hooper & Whyld 1992:438–39)
^ (Soltis 2004:183)
^ (Luiro 2009)
^ The Estonian chess terms were coined by Ado Grenzstein.
^ "Handbook". www.fide.com. Retrieved 22 March 2019. The pieces bear the names: Koenig, Dame, Turm, Laeufer, Springer, Bauer
^ Jump up to:a b H. J. R. Murray, A History of Chess, ch. 11.
References
[edit]
Brace, Edward (1977), An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Craftwell, ISBN 1-55521-394-4
Burgess, Graham (2009), The Mammoth Book of Chess (3rd ed.), Running Press, ISBN 978-0-7624-3726-9
Evans, Larry (1973), Evans on Chess, Cornerstone Library, ISBN 0-87749-699-4
Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992), "Value of pieces", The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-280049-3
Just, Tim; Burg, Daniel S. (2003), U.S. Chess Federation's Official Rules of Chess (5th ed.), McKay, ISBN 0-8129-3559-4
Soltis, Andrew (2004), Rethinking the Chess Pieces, Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-8904-9
Luiro, Ari (2009), Chess pieces in different languages, archived from the original on October 21, 2009, retrieved 2011-11-04
