The defense that Black uses is called the Pirc Defense in reference to Vasja Pirc, who first employed the defense. It later evolved into other variations such as the Classical system, Czech defense, Modern, etc. It allows white to take control of the center temporarily while assembling a defensive system in which all pieces defend themselves. To break white's control for center, white can play either e5 or c5, depending how white castled. The main idea is to send the pawns on the kingside to attack the structure. There can be pawn and even piece sacrifices with the main intention of deteriorating the structure of the Pirc, mainly opening the h-file, generally with the rook defending the file. After opening the file, one can send the queen to pressure the king's defense and other pieces. However, long castle will result in Black to send the pawns on its queenside, so it is necessary to defend as well, since your attack on the h, g and f files with the pawns may not be succesful.