Caro-Kann: Exchange Variation

How does white stops your push? Give something more concrete like an actual example so that i can help 🙂
There are more plans available in the Caro Kann Exchange than the minority attack. Get yourself a chess database, get a collection of games in the opening and start playing through them.
Start posting games where you tried to implement a minority attack so we could potentially show you if it was the best plan in the position and how to improve your implementation of your plan.
Principles should guide, not dictate your play.
I actually got a "successful" Minority Attack. White defended the A pawn in this game incorrectly and hence gave me an extra pawn.

I actually got a "successful" Minority Attack. White defended the A pawn in this game incorrectly and hence gave me an extra pawn.
Sort of happens when the opponent is cooperative.
After the natural 17.b4 white is much better, and your 15...b5 and 16...a5 are obvious positional mistakes.
I actually got a "successful" Minority Attack. White defended the A pawn in this game incorrectly and hence gave me an extra pawn.
I'd suggest looking into games where black gets an isolated d-pawn in the Exchange Caro Kann by pushing e5 when given the opportunity. That will give you another tool in your tool box for games when going for a minority attack isn't a good possibility.
@7
It is not as simple and straightforward as you put it.
The Queen's Gambit Exchange Variation 1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 cxd5 exd5 gives exactly the same position as the Caro-Kann exchange 1 e4 c6 2 d4 d5 3 exd5 cxd5, but with colors reversed and an extra tempo.
Consensus is, that black can hold in the Queen's Gambit Exchange Variation, thus white certainly can fend off the minority attack in the Caro-Kann Exchange, as he has a tempo more.
Even more: Kasparov played the Queen's Gambit Exchange Variation as white without the minority attack: he went Nc3, f3, Nge2, Be3, Dd2, O-O-O, Kb1, g4 to attack on the king's side.
Another tricky point in the Caro-Kann Exchange are the bishops: Bf1 and Bf8 are good bishop bishops, not on the color of their pawns, while Bc1 and Bc8 are bad bishops, on the color of their pawns. Trading a bad bishop of your own for a good bishop of the opponent is desirable.
Here is a good game with the Caro-Kann Exchange Variation:
https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1044326
And how do I know when E5 is good?
I can't give answers to questions that I don't know the answer to and am trying to understand myself. All I can do is give ideas and resources for you to do the work yourself because what works for me might not necessarily work for you.
Also are there plans to defend against white if they attack kingside or if they defend queenside when we go for the minority attack

I have played both sides of the Caro Kan Exchange.
White main plan is to do Kingside Attack.
Usually, White will jump a piece on e5 square + play F4 pawn board.
Black main plan is to do Queenside Attack.
Usually, Black will do a Minority Attack. The B5 pawn rampaging down board.
There are different ways to play the Black side.
It can also depend on how you set up.
I am just saying regular way.