Also I would consider the Four Knights' Game as a 'small' opening with a considerable amount of theory
Small Openings Like the Catalan?

I think they are called "big" openings because they are played often and studied by grandmasters, who post the stuff they find. So it is often considered and easy to play, but is also often studied by your opponent. So "big" may mean "fmaous", or "well known"

Well I am talking about openings which are discussed but not as much as 'big' openings such as the Ruy Lopez or Queen's Gambit

I would agree they are good openings, which I would consider 'small', and I would also say that they may not be 'ideal' but they are very good.

I would agree they are good openings, which I would consider 'small', and I would also say that they may not be 'ideal' but they are very good.
tbf there are a lot of cool, unstudied openings in the Vienna
like there are so many variations in the Vienna that can cater to any playstyle

I know that is what makes it a good opening, while not being nearly as popular as main-stream openings. I also like the Nxe4 line that you showed, it has the best name ever: The Frankenstein-Dracula Variation.

I don’t think the Catalan is small.
theres not a lot of extreme theory involved, just a lot of general ideas in the open and closed variations, qa4+, ne5, qc2, nbd7, etc etc
So I have recently been wondering are there any other 'small' openings such as the Catalan which have a good amount of theory? Big openings are openings like the Ruy Lopez, Queen's Gambit, or Italian Game. Anybody know any small openings like the Catalan which have a good amount of theory?