The bishop in the shadows on f8 checkmates the white king.
Far away black pawn checkmates white king

Yes. This is called a discovered check (or in this case checkmate). The pawn move opens up the Bishop diagonal attacking the King. As there is no way to block or take the Bishop, and the King cannot escape to another square, it is checkmate.
Discovered check (or attack on another piece if not the King) is a common tactic, so something to both watch out for and also try to do. Good luck.
Why is this a checkmate?
