both diagonals
Queen = bishop + rook, so why is it 9 points?

A queen should really be 12, as it is basically a Rook + both bishops, and all operating at the same time.

Exactly

@Laskersnephew is spot on.
Another thing I'd like to add is that all material "points" are simply estimates. The value of pieces constantly change based on the exact position; in one position, I might sacrifice a Queen and both Rooks and the objective material doesn't matter because my line forces checkmate, but in a different position, I might lose a single pawn and just be lost. Use the traditional point values as estimates and go from there without getting fixated on exact point values.
pawn = 1 point
Knight = 3 points
Bishop = 3 points
Rook = 5 points
Queen = 9 points
King = invaluable because losing it by checkmate ends the game

In terms of movement I'd give the king like a 2 or 2.5, maybe even a 3 as it can move to as many squares as the knight and is extremely useful in the endgame.

In terms of movement I'd give the king like a 2 or 2.5, maybe even a 3 as it can move to as many squares as the knight and is extremely useful in the endgame.
In terms of movement, the King tends to be worth about a piece (3 points) I'd say in many positions such as when the King is cut off to the backrank. However, there are some endgame studies in which the lone King fends off 4 pawns when in particular configurations, but I think this is more of a situational rarity than something practical enough I'd use for most positions evaluation. Studious chess players tend to value the King (movement wise) somewhere between 2.5 and 4.5 points, but roughly 3 points is what I hear most often.

It's because you only need one queen move to move the entire power of a bishop and a rook. As separate pieces it takes 2 moves to move their entire power. Another thing is that the bishop's power is limited by the fact that it can only be on one color square for the entire game. The queen can be on both color squares.

Last time I checked 3 + 5 = 8
You can't normally stack a Bishop and a Rook on the same square.

The queen can switch between travelling on light squares and dark squares along with travelling on straight paths to move across the boards and it has the power to capture pieces across squares in either of the ways which gives it a vast positional advantage

Last time I checked 3 + 5 = 8