Usually the squares on the fourth rank from your side of the board are the most standard way to develop the bishop. The fifth rank is often seen in openings but you'll have to know how to respond to a side pawn kicking away your bishop: do you take the knight (if there is one to take) or do you move back, and in which direction?
The third rank may block some of your pawns or other pieces. The second rank is often considered very passive but in some cases unavoidable if you want to develop your bishop, for example when a pawn blocks you from moving your bishop any further.
The last one is the fianchetto technique, where you move your b or g pawn and place your bishop behind it. There are many situations where this can be used, often it is inferior to placing it more in the center of the board but it can be a great weapon since many people just skip over the threat of the bishop when it is so far on the side of the board and seemingly away from the action.
Bf5 attacks weak pawn c2 but is not protected oh Lord it's complicated looool