Anyone over 2000 should be able to win a match vs the world champion if they're given rook odds, as long as the time control is classical (many hours for a game).
Carlsen could beat any engine in a match if he is given rook odds, as long as the time control is classical (many hours for a game).
The number of rating points a piece is worth, depends on the lower rated player.
Giving a 2000 rated player a rook odds increases their rating closet to 1000 points I think. (A knight was calculated around 550 points for a 2100 player IIRC.
Giving a 2800 player (like Carlsen) rook odds, increases their rating almost beyond calculation. They will probably be able to beat a perfect player.
Giving a beginner rook odds might not even be worth 100 points.
I think I have chances against Carlsen with rook odds assuming that I don't do anything stupid throughout the game
Here is a calculation of elo per pawn odds
https://wismuth.com/elo/calculator.html
I am confident I can beat Magnus with rook odds. I think even a knight odds i can win. One pawn less on his side = draw
Engines are horribly bad at playing with odds. An average grandmaster may be rated 1000 points lower than a top engine, but playing rook odds against an amateur the GM will score much better.
This is because engines are super dumb, they don't have cunning and strategic planning. A human knows that to win, you need to keep pieces on the board and create a complicated, tricky position. This kind of thinking is impossible for an engine. The engine will play a "normal" game, happily trade down to a hopeless endgame.
How high Elo would be needed for a player to defeat Carlsen at rook odds (i. e. Carlsen missing the rook)?
How high Elo would be needed to defeat the world champion of chess engines at rook odds (again the champion engine missing the rook)?