Sometimes a very long time. IMO it's always good to input your ideas first. Sometimes it takes a few moves before the program finally agrees. Sometimes it never agrees (because the move it suggests is based on deep tactical calculations).
And the computer missing the best move happens more often than you might think. Given a long time to think they basically never blunder, but that doesn't mean the move it picks is best... otherwise ICCF wouldn't be a thing.
I see much talk of multi-core CPUs x GB hash, parallel comuting, running on network of computers, 32-bit vs 64-bit OS etc..
Is any of this relevant. I normally run my Fritz 13 and pick the best move it gives in the first few seconds which is normally quite good.
However, my faith in chess software was shaken recently when i inputted a position which according to my human intuition was winnable by a double sacrifice at h7. Fritz was unable to find it. Houdini 2 was unable to find it. When I actually inputted the sacrifice, fritz and houdini agreed it was winning. So what is the deal? How long should I run these programs before their results match reality?