how did this game escalate so fast?

I have no clue how this attack on on my oppoents king escalated so quickly?, I dont really understand what went wrong for my opponent here.

He ignored king safety.

He opened the h5-e8 diagonal -- that is dangerous.

e5 + f6 + h6 + d6 not only open the light squares for the white pieces, but also block the dark squares from being used by the black pieces for defense and development in general... most notably f6, which is a terrible move beginners are warned not to make.  Unluckily for your opponent, it just happens to be one of the weakest set of moves you can open a game of chess with: e5, d6, f6, h6.

A well known trap:

The seemingly similar set of moves d5, c6, e6, and a6 aren't so bad, and are actually perfectly fine in many cases.  The difference being the queen is more mobile and weakening the squares around her, and being forced to move her is not a potentially game ending weakness like the king.  This is also why opening moves with the c + d pawns are much much more common than those with the e + f pawns.