How do you find the best moves when there are no tatics?

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Stockfish has the answer or did you mean without a engine.

nice question. Do you have excamples ?

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A lot of it is pawn structure telling you some long term ideas and while you consider moves that are sensible in that respect, at the same time you try to increase mobility or space.

Strategy from pawn structure takes some learning, and exploiting space requires some technique, but mobility can be picked up quickly and a big advantage in mobility often offers straightforward tactics.
 

A beginner type of example, where does the rook belong? Remember you want to maximize the squares it can influence.

Two aspects of this that aren't immediately obvious for most people is if a square is safe and when a piece may be good, but it's blocking your other pieces.

Two more beginner type examples, this time where should the white bishop go?

In the opening you want to influence center squares. But in the opening, middlegame, and endgame, you don't want to spend two or three moves to do what you could do in one. Also all through the game you want to be aware of which of your own pieces you may be blocking.

So, in many positions Bc4 and Bd3, influencing the center, are good.

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And last two non-beginner kind of examples.

First a little intro to pawn structure and the question: where to put the queen?

Increasing the mobility of your pieces is good. So to have the most effect for each move, you often need to focus on the pieces that need the most improvement. "Beginners play by moving their best pieces, masters play by moving their worst pieces!" (when there are no tactics)

Which among black's knights and bishops is the least effective?

Most of these came from an opening because they were much easier to recall that way (and I didn't have to try to construct a position from scratch) but these ideas are applicable throughout a game. Increase mobility, but when observing how many new squares you can control, take into account any squares you may be blocking. Also a square may appear very good, but if your opponent can chase you out then you probably need to keep looking.

And finally, your natural play is where you have more space. This is usually taught as looking to where you pawn chain points. In the 2nd to last diagram black's pawn chain pointed to the center and kingside while white's pointed to the queenside.

This was just an off the cuff intro to things. Get a strategy book to learn more.

http://www.amazon.com/Winning-Chess-Strategies-Everyman/dp/1857443853

http://www.amazon.com/Modern-Chess-Strategy-Ludek-Pachman/dp/0486202909