How is this not a win by insufficient material??

How the heck did my opponent win and why does everyone get way more time than me? But regardless,  how did they take thos game from me. My opponent was running for their lives. Their King did not have any defenses and was doomed!

You'd need to capture the Rook and both Pawns for a draw by insufficient material but it would've been quicker to Checkmate. You had mate in 2, 5 different ways, with 16 seconds on the clock.

    You lost on time. Black has a rook, enough material to checkmate, so you can't claim a draw.

As others have pointed out, your opponent has sufficient mating material and you ran out of time. This would be a loss for you in OTB chess under both US Chess and FIDE rules.

Lol, play some blitz and bullet to be able to think faster. Start with 5 min, then 3 min, then 1 min. It'll be difficult at the beginning, but should help a lot for this kind of cases.
Don't forget to do premoves (but be cautious with them), even multiple. It saves you time. You may later need even just this one extra second during the game.

I'd checkmate from this position in like 3 seconds. If there was only one possibility of checkmate, I'd probably do it on premoves.

If you only have a bishop or a knight, you have insufficient material to checkmate the king.

A single pawn is enough.

My bad. I expressed my thoughts wrong.

If you only have a bishop or a knight other than your king, you have insufficient material to checkmate the king.

I know the answer to this question and talking about here will get the thread locked

"gg ez"

To put it in simple words, your game would have been drawn by insufficient material only if your opponent had pieces that were not sufficient to checkmate you. So, the possible pieces to exist in that case are King And a knight , a King And a Bishop , a King And two knights And the last One is a lone King. If your opponent had any one combination out of these combinations mentioned above, then the game would have been a draw. 

Remember,  even if your opponent had a King And a pawn, the result would be in his favour since a pawn can always be promoted to a piece that can deliver a possible checkmate.

Now, the solution to save such games is to capture all of his pieces as quickly as possible before you run out of time. It doesn't matter if you sac your queen to capture his pawn, but it's important to capture his pieces before you run out of time. Please follow this when you come across such situations in the game. Have fun!