Let me contribute a few thoughts on this matter, with the side-goal of not sounding like the most arrogant poster
I agree with those who say that the number of elo points that a certain amount of material is equivalent to is difference at different levels. having watched games between say a 400 and an 800 player, i can tell you that when one player wins a piece, the odds of who will win don't shift perceptibly. however, if a 2600 player dropped a piece against a 2200 player, they'd be in some serious trouble.
my own results at odds (over thousands of games) indicate that a fair match (50-50) for me (2400) at q odds is an 800 player, at rook odds a 1200 player and at knight odds an 1800 player (uscf ratings, +/- 100 points depending on various factors). in terms of the question of super-gm, the original poster is not only meaning someone over 2700, but pretty much 2800 fide i think. so a very select group. i think a 2150-2200 player would be about an even match for kasparov or carlsen at piece odds, and an underdog against rybka. honestly, i'd be scared to play them at piece odds, but i guess if there were some motivation and a couple hours on my clock, i might be a favorite. at two pawn odds, i'd favor any of those three over me.
so a knight might be worth about 600 points at high levels, and then less among players who blunder pieces frequently.
moving on to time odds-- in my opinion they are not really worth very much. as long as the gm has time to physically move the pieces, they have the mental discipline to simply think on your time. at 5:1 i wouldn't have a chance against those players. at 60:15 even less. i'd probably score 0 out of 10 against carlsen if he had a motivation to try to win the black games, while in blitz maybe i'd score a lucky point.
i think one thing that some ppl (for example the poster who has played blitz with darwin laylo) are forgetting is that even among gms there is a huge disparity in skills. if you can score 1 out of 10 against a gm rated roughly 2500 with those 5 to 1 odds, realize, he would lose just as badly to Carlsen at those odds. i think the select group of carlsen, kasparov, fischer, rybka is essentially untouchable by anyone under 2500 if they have at least 1-2 minutes on their clock, but i may be exaggerating slightly because of my own fear. maybe the line is at 2450 or 2420...
another data point that may be of some interest (sorry i'll leave you to do the research on google yourself) are some clock simuls that garry gave against strong gms. i think he faced the german and israeli national teams (in other words, all players who are stronger than 2500), and won the matches convincingly, essentially giving 4:1 and 6:1 time odds, depending on the number of games.
one last anecdote; i remember once playing blitz with a talented player of about 1600. i had 30 seconds and he had a few minutes (as many as he liked). he wanted to win badly but gave up after 20 games or so... and i'm not good at blitz.
let me reiterate, i'm only trying to provide info. i hope it wasnt arrogant of me to mention the blitz games with a 1600, but i don't have a lot of data on time-odds.
I didn't take it arrogant at all and appreciated your input
"if you can score 1 out of 10 against a gm rated roughly 2500 with those 5 to 1 odds, realize, he would lose just as badly to Carlsen at those odds" is a good point.
I have the same feeling about time odds -- that at a certain point it just doesn't matter, like I said before I don't think even 60:1 time odds against a 2800 player would do me much good... like you said as long as they have the mental discipline to think on my time it just wouldn't matter.
Let me contribute a few thoughts on this matter, with the side-goal of not sounding like the most arrogant poster
I agree with those who say that the number of elo points that a certain amount of material is equivalent to is difference at different levels. having watched games between say a 400 and an 800 player, i can tell you that when one player wins a piece, the odds of who will win don't shift perceptibly. however, if a 2600 player dropped a piece against a 2200 player, they'd be in some serious trouble.
my own results at odds (over thousands of games) indicate that a fair match (50-50) for me (2400) at q odds is an 800 player, at rook odds a 1200 player and at knight odds an 1800 player (uscf ratings, +/- 100 points depending on various factors). in terms of the question of super-gm, the original poster is not only meaning someone over 2700, but pretty much 2800 fide i think. so a very select group. i think a 2150-2200 player would be about an even match for kasparov or carlsen at piece odds, and an underdog against rybka. honestly, i'd be scared to play them at piece odds, but i guess if there were some motivation and a couple hours on my clock, i might be a favorite. at two pawn odds, i'd favor any of those three over me.
so a knight might be worth about 600 points at high levels, and then less among players who blunder pieces frequently.
moving on to time odds-- in my opinion they are not really worth very much. as long as the gm has time to physically move the pieces, they have the mental discipline to simply think on your time. at 5:1 i wouldn't have a chance against those players. at 60:15 even less. i'd probably score 0 out of 10 against carlsen if he had a motivation to try to win the black games, while in blitz maybe i'd score a lucky point.
i think one thing that some ppl (for example the poster who has played blitz with darwin laylo) are forgetting is that even among gms there is a huge disparity in skills. if you can score 1 out of 10 against a gm rated roughly 2500 with those 5 to 1 odds, realize, he would lose just as badly to Carlsen at those odds. i think the select group of carlsen, kasparov, fischer, rybka is essentially untouchable by anyone under 2500 if they have at least 1-2 minutes on their clock, but i may be exaggerating slightly because of my own fear. maybe the line is at 2450 or 2420...
another data point that may be of some interest (sorry i'll leave you to do the research on google yourself) are some clock simuls that garry gave against strong gms. i think he faced the german and israeli national teams (in other words, all players who are stronger than 2500), and won the matches convincingly, essentially giving 4:1 and 6:1 time odds, depending on the number of games.
one last anecdote; i remember once playing blitz with a talented player of about 1600. i had 30 seconds and he had a few minutes (as many as he liked). he wanted to win badly but gave up after 20 games or so... and i'm not good at blitz.
let me reiterate, i'm only trying to provide info. i hope it wasnt arrogant of me to mention the blitz games with a 1600, but i don't have a lot of data on time-odds.