how to attack an opponent's king that hasn't castled?

this may seem obvious to some people but i want to know how. in some positions it's very simple but in others it's hard to find a way to break through. here's a little position i made up.

i love attacking kings and i know what i should be doing to attack a castled king. it's difficult but i know what to look for. in this position i see ideas of the x-ray attack on blacks queen and there are a few other ideas also but none of which seem to break through black's position and aim at his king. what to do. this rarely happens in games but if it does happen i wish to be armed with the knowledge.

two things:

don't refer to an engine in your reply as for what i should do because guess what? I'm not a computer and in other positions i won't have an engine to use for advice.

don't just talk about this position. tell me about general patterns and ideas i should be looking for.

I am black in this game

unfortunately this is not what i'm looking for. you never had an attack on the king before he castled. and i'd rather find a game where the attach doesn't succeed as a result of bad moves. Rb1 by your opponent was terrible. f4 was better.  and that would've led to a game where you attack the enemy king when he's castled. i'm not say you played badly i'm just saying this doesn't help me.

to attack an enemy king in the center there are a few rules

1. Make sure you are developed

2. Make sure your king is safe away from the center

When the opponent is behind on development you have to punish their king in the center, how to?
1. Don't give them time to regroup make threats that must be met or force a weakness in their position by attacking undefended pawns and peices

2. Trade center pawns! when you are ahead in development and when your rooks are connected you need to open files and diagonals for your pieces, get your knights on outposts in thee center and use your rooks on the files you are opening but open the center files because those lead to the black king!

Hope this helps!

thanks. are there any key squares i should be looking at (not including the centre squares). for example h2 and h7 can be important when an opponent castles.

f7 and c7 as they are only guarded by one piece so a knight on lets say a knight on one of those squares supported by a bishop would fork the king/queen and rook but other than that you should be focusing on the center squares.

what if the centre is closed.

it's hard to trade centre pawns in this position.

Make room for the f pawn! support it's push to e5 black will probably castle anyways so you can't punish him, the only way to punish if black is behind on development since he didn't make any developing mistakes he can castle but then you will have the opportunity for a kingside attack

what if black for some odd reason just chooses not to castle.

could you be more specific.

I generally do this when the opponent has not/does not wish to castle. Doesnt work all the time:

Bring your rooks to the d and e files. Push the d and e pawns up the board exchanging with the right opponent pawns thereby opening up your files for the rooks. This usually results in pinning your opponents pieces.

Good opponents always castle (maybe late) and I really cannot enact this.

The reason is that in this position, the time isn't right for launching a direct attack on their King. Yes, the King didn't castle yet, but you have nothing to throw at him. His position is as solid as yours, and the castle is just one move away.

Instead, in this kind of position, I think it would be wise to get an advantage first. You may try to do Re1 then e4 to break through the center (a King in the middle is much worse if the center is open, which expose him to many lines of attack). Try to create more problems for your opponent (aka, "help" him to make mistake), while leveraging whatever advantages you have.

The more patient player will get the game.

It depends on the position.... If the game is just locked then it can be hard. In extreme situations it might even be better to not castle at all. You just have to play the board and do what you think is good in the position and if you think you have a real shot by opening the position or something like that then maybe you should go for it. You definitely can't just sit at the board and say, "I'm going to attack my opponent's king in the center this game."

In the second position Bxh6 is something to think about. Black clearly can't castle queenside and you might be able to attack on the kingside (your pawns are pointing that way anyway) and give Black some dark squared weaknesses.

Otherwise you might need an open position to get what you want.

If you want to play aggressive chess, don't play the Queens Gambit! It often leads to solid positions where both sides kings are safe.