In general they are and the current dev build should be around 20 elo stronger than SF8 on short time control.
About criterions not 100% sure, but if you look at their test site ( http://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests ), they test different patches (ideas) against the current master build to see if any improvement exists. If they pass (green patches) and get approved, they usually merge them with the current master build after a few such patches.
Then it gets published as new dev build, which you can find here: http://abrok.eu/stockfish/
And this site claims to have slightly faster builds compared to the official ones from abrok: http://chess.ultimaiq.net/stockfish.html
Are the Stockfish developments builds usually stronger than the last release version (currently SF 8)?
What are the criterions to publish a new dev build? Does it e.g. need to perform statistically better via Fishtest compared to a previous dev build?