What are all of the draw rules?
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Just curious?
I seem to keep running into unusual cases of draws that l do even understand
Starting with the classical ones:
1) Simple agreement of a draw:
| 9.1.1 |
The regulations of an event may specify that players cannot offer or agree to a draw, whether in less than a specified number of moves or at all, without the consent of the arbiter. |
| 9.1.2 | However, if the regulations of an event allow a draw agreement the following shall apply: |
| 9.1.2.1 | A player wishing to offer a draw shall do so after having made a move on the chessboard and before pressing his clock. An offer at any other time during play is still valid but Article 11.5 must be considered. No conditions can be attached to the offer. In both cases the offer cannot be withdrawn and remains valid until the opponent accepts it, rejects it orally, rejects it by touching a piece with the intention of moving or capturing it, or the game is concluded in some other way. |
|
11.5 |
It is forbidden to distract or annoy the opponent in any manner whatsoever. This includes unreasonable claims, unreasonable offers of a draw or the introduction of a source of noise into the playing area. |
2) Stalemate
| 5.2.1 | The game is drawn when the player to move has no legal move and his king is not in check. The game is said to end in ‘stalemate’. This immediately ends the game, provided that the move producing the stalemate position was in accordance with Article 3 and Articles 4.2 – 4.7. |
3) Dead position
| 5.2.2 | The game is drawn when a position has arisen in which neither player can checkmate the opponent’s king with any series of legal moves. The game is said to end in a ‘dead position’. This immediately ends the game, provided that the move producing the position was in accordance with Article 3 and Articles 4.2 – 4.7. |
"Insufficient material" has been mentioned, but it is only one possible "dead position" of several.
Insufficient material includes two lone kings, or a lone king against a king and a knight, or a king and a bishop - but NOT a king and two knights! Nor are a king and a bishop vs. a king and a bishop on a different colour a dead position.
Some example dead positions that do not have insufficient material:
The kings could move around their sides, but they could not reach enemy pawns to unblock theirs, so no way to progress. Therefore the game is immediately drawn and the kings are not allowed to move.
White has blundered to hang his Queen unprotected. Black does not have a legal choice between capturing the Queen and blundering to escape the Queen (and allow White another try to mate) - the only move that would be legal might be capturing the Queen. But this would leave the two lone kings as a drawn position - therefore the position is already drawn, the game is already ended and Black should point it out and end the game without actually making the move to capture the Queen.
4) Threefold repetition, properly claimed:
| 9.2.1 | The game is drawn, upon a correct claim by a player having the move, when the same position for at least the third time (not necessarily by a repetition of moves): |
| 9.2.1.1 | is about to appear, if he first writes his move, which cannot be changed, on his scoresheet and declares to the arbiter his intention to make this move, or |
| 9.2.1.2 | has just appeared, and the player claiming the draw has the move. |
| 9.2.2 |
Positions are considered the same if and only if the same player has the move, pieces of the same kind and colour occupy the same squares and the possible moves of all the pieces of both players are the same. Thus positions are not the same if: |
| 9.2.2.1 | at the start of the sequence a pawn could have been captured en passant |
| 9.2.2.2 | a king had castling rights with a rook that has not been moved, but forfeited these after moving. The castling rights are lost only after the king or rook is moved. |
Note that claiming threefold repetition after your own move is the harder one, because it needs to be written on scoresheet beforehand.
5) Lack of progress in 50 moves, properly claimed:
|
9.3 |
The game is drawn, upon a correct claim by a player having the move, if: |
|
9.3.1 |
he writes his move, which cannot be changed, on his scoresheet and declares to the arbiter his intention to make this move which will result in the last 50 moves by each player having been made without the movement of any pawn and without any capture, or |
|
9.3.2 |
the last 50 moves by each player have been completed without the movement of any pawn and without any capture. |
|
9.4 |
If the player touches a piece as in Article 4.3, he loses the right to claim a draw under Article 9.2 or 9.3 on that move. |
Note the oddity that loss of a right to castle, by moving a king or a rook and returning it to initial position, resets the threefold repetition count but does NOT reset the 50 move count. Nor does loss of right to en passant capture reset the 50 move count, but that´s just 1 move difference.
6) Incorrect claim under threefold repetition or 50 move rules interpreted and accepted as an offer of draw:
| 9.1.2.3 | A claim of a draw under Article 9.2 or 9.3 shall be considered to be an offer of a draw. |
So, if the grounds to claim a draw turn out not to be quite sufficient, the opponent is allowed to play on:
|
9.5.3 |
If the claim is found to be incorrect, the arbiter shall add two minutes to the opponent’s remaining thinking time. Then the game shall continue. If the claim was based on an intended move, this move must be made in accordance with Articles 3 and 4. |
or else decide that since the claimant wanted to draw, the opponent is willing to draw even though the grounds are not sufficient to require the draw.
7) Forfeiture on time by an invincible player
| 6.9 |
Except where one of Articles 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3 applies, if a player does not complete the prescribed number of moves in the allotted time, the game is lost by thatplayer. However, the game is drawn if the position is such that the opponent cannot checkmate the player’s king by any possible series of legal moves. |
For an obvious example, a lone king can never win by legal moves. So if an opponent is trying to checkmate the lone king by king, bishop and knight, and runs out of chessclock time before running out of 50 moves (while the lone king has time left on clock), the result is draw for both, not win for the lone king.
8) Forfeiture for illegal moves by an invincible player
| 7.5.5 |
After the action taken under Article 7.5.1, 7.5.2, 7.5.3 or 7.5.4 for the first completed illegal move by a player, the arbiter shall give two minutes extra time to his opponent; for the second completed illegal move by the same player the arbiter shall declare the game lost by this player. However, the game is drawn if the position is such that the opponent cannot checkmate the player’s king by any possible series of legal moves. |
It´s now 2nd illegal move. Until 1st of July, 2014, a chess game was only forfeited on 3rd illegal move.
And now to the pretty brand new ones:
9) Fivefold repetition - since 1st of July, 2017:
|
9.6 |
If one or both of the following occur(s) then the game is drawn: |
|
9.6.1 |
the same position has appeared, as in 9.2.2 at least five times. |
When the same position happens 3rd time, it can be claimed only by players. By the player who creates it by his move, by writing it down but not actually making it, or by the opposing player - unless and until he touches a piece to make a reply. Same applies on 4th time. But on 5th time, after the move is made, the game has ended and apparently anyone can make the claim.
10) Lack of progress in 75 moves - since 1st of July, 2014:
|
9.6 |
If one or both of the following occur(s) then the game is drawn: |
|
9.6.2 |
any series of at least 75 moves have been made by each player without the movement of any pawn and without any capture. If the last move resulted in checkmate, that shall take precedence. |
Again, from move 50 to 75, it is up to players to claim draw, and only on their move. After move 75, the game is drawn and anyone can claim it.
That should be complete, I think. Can anyone comment on these?
hello, i don't understand, i though the draw was when there are 3 same repetitions , with chess.com, it can be 3 positions totally different .... and DRAW , do you know why ? thanks
Mar 19, 2020
0
#14
MathieuMasson wrote:
hello, i don't understand, i though the draw was when there are 3 same repetitions , with chess.com, it can be 3 positions totally different .... and DRAW , do you know why ? thanks
No, the triple repetition and five-fold repetition rules apply to repetition of position, not of moves. Where do you get the idea that the three (or five) positions can be different? There is nothing in 9.2 or 9.6 that makes that claim.
Are you talking about this game?
https://www.chess.com/live/game/4613478808?username=mathieumasson
The positions at move 43, 45 and 47 are identical. It's a draw under 9.2.1