what are some examples strong and weak positions?

Nice profile pic btw.

Strong and weak are relative to your skill level. A grandmaster's idea of a strong position might be hopelessly lost to a new player who cannot see why it is strong and blunders their advantage away.
Here are some simple tips to help analyze a given position:
1) Compare the total point values on both sides. Typically, a player with more pieces on the board has a strong position, though it's not always the case. A piece sacrifice, for example, is a tactic that gives up material intentionally to win. 
2) Look for threats. What pieces are doing the attacking? Which side has the most space? Are any pieces unprotected? Is the king unprotected?
3) Look for synergy. Synergy is the cohesiveness of the pieces, ie. how well they work together. It can be pretty obvious when pieces are not working together; the purpose of any opening is to achieve a synergetic position as early as possible, or to break the opponents opening quickly (which is difficult to do in master level play).

I'm not perfect at identifying a strong and a weak position, myself, but these are the things that help me at least be able to hold my own at the college level. Hopefully, you'll get some other good feedback from other people, too. :) 

lol, 15 minutes between your first and 2nd post.  This is a better topic for a book.  The difficulty is chess is very situational.  Even elements that are commonly weak like doubled pawns or isolated pawns are sometimes meaningless to the evaluation of the position.  It depends on all the other pieces.  To give good examples for a beginner and explain these differences would probably take about an hour to compose... and it wouldn't be too useful to a beginner in any case because games are won and lost due to tactical oversights.

I guess pawns are a good place to start though.  Google the following types of pawns.  Islands (the fewer you have the better), doubled, isolated, backward.  In some situations these are all types of pawns that can be weak.

Here are some tips for the pieces.  Google any term you don't recognize.

Knights like advanced outposts.
Bishops like long diagonals and friendly pawns off their color
Rooks like open files.  Ideally they can use them to eventually infiltrate to the 7th rank.
Queens like to stay close to their home square at first, but ideally be posted in the middle of the board for example in an endgame.
King likes to castle to a side where the three pawns extending from the edge of the board haven't moved.  In the endgame the king comes out to fight.