Do you have any ideas on what those terms mean?
What is the Definition of "1 elo", "0 elo", and "negative elo"?

I'm not sure where you're getting your info: "My current understanding is that 'negative elo' means you're trying to lose the game and '0 elo' means that you are a random move generator." I don't believe it's possible to have a negative Elo rating. You can lose rating points, but that's relative to your current rating, so negative rating points are never involved.
For a more exhaustive explanation of the rating system:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo_rating_system

1 elo can just be something like attacking the queen with a bishop but the bishop isnt protected
you see the clearest and most basic 1 movers that hang pieces

My current understanding is that "negative elo" means you're trying to lose the game and "0 elo" means that you are a random move generator.
Your understanding is completely wrong.
Elo measures the player's results, and not whether the player wants to win or whether he plays random moves. These are all irrelevant.
Also, the lower limit is 100. Those numbers (1, 0 and -1) are all jokes.
In my opinion, a random move generator would be roughly 150-200. All the players who are at 100 are cheaters who actively play to lose.

These terms are all joking slang terms that will not be valid in 5 years time, nor will anyone remember them.
Now if you use this kind of inquisitive mind to focus on your games and studying actual information in chess, you are sure to get ahead.
Gl

These terms are all joking slang terms that will not be valid in 5 years time, nor will anyone remember them.
Now if you use this kind of inquisitive mind to focus on your games and studying actual information in chess, you are sure to get ahead.
passive aggressive much its not that deep bro
Gl
This is not a joke post.
My question is exactly the definition of these three terms.
My current understanding is that "negative elo" means you're trying to lose the game and "0 elo" means that you are a random move generator.
Now the question is whether a random move generator which has an elo of 0 can perform at any elo, which defies the logic of "0 elo" as the value of its play is completely random and unpredictable.
And also by "1 elo" I do not mean Mitten's rank.
Now, the problem with this claim is that the closer you are to 0 elo, you aren't necessarily a random move generator. So, if you have 1 elo, what would that be? 1 elo likely means that the player playing Chess has some ideas of their moves, but the problem is that the idea of "elo" starts to break down at this point.
The meaning of elo is the relative strength of a Chess player, but at this point, it is a very vague term and is very confusing.
Negative elo is even more hard to comprehend for me. What does it mean if you have "-1 elo"? It means you are on the verge of being a random move generator, but are slightly trying to lose the game. A random move generator can lose or win a game based on luck. And does it mean that on a number line, "-1 elo " is farther away from "0 elo" as you regain logic?